Institutional Repository
Thesis Issued 2026-09-08 EN

Gene Effects And Selection Response Of Morpho-Physiological Traits In Late-Sown Bread Wheat

Author: M. Moznur Rahman

Abstract

The dissertation work included studies on determination of genetic parameters and gene effects for ten morpho-physiological traits in six generations emanating from each of six crosses among four patents. Studies on selection responses with five crosses in Fz and F4 generations were also the other part of the work. Besides, a solid-seeded trial was conducted with F4 seeds to see the relationships of grain yield with canopy temperature and leaf senescence. All these experiments were carried out in late seeding condition. The narrow sense heritability values were found high to moderately high for 3, 8, 2, 5, 1 and 1 traits out of ten in crosses-1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, respectively. Estimates of genetic advance were high for tillers/plant, yield/plant and biomass/plant in cross-2 and only tillers/plant and biomass/plant in cross-4. The genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variation were high for tillers/plant, yield/plant and biomass/plant in all the six crosses. The six generations differed significantly for most traits in crosses-1, 2,3, 4 and 5. The additive-dominance model was suited to account for the variation of spikelets/spike in crosses-2, 4 and 6, 1000-grain weight in cross-1, plant height in cross-5, grains/spike in cross-6 and harvest index in cross-2, indicating simpler inheritance pattern for these traits. While digenic epistatic model explained the genetic variation for other characters, disclosing their response to selection being slower compared to the above group. Of the four traits considered for studying selection response in F4 generation, observed response for 1000-grain weight in cross-1 showed closer to and that in cross-3 exceeded those of the predicted responses. The observed response in F4 generation for yield/plant in crosses-1 and 2 approximated to two-thirds of the predicted ones. Direct and positive responses were found significant for all four selected traits in the five crosses (except grains/spike in cross-2) of F3 generation, and all but grains/spike in cross-1,yield/plant in crosses-1, 2, 3 and 5 as well as 1000- grainweight in cross-5 of F4 generation. Selection of grains/spike brought about negative responses for 1000-grain weight in all the five crosses. Intergeneration correlations between F₂ and Fa aswell as F3 and F4 were positive and significant for all four traits in cross-2 only. Significant positive correlation coefficients were obtained between grain yield and canopy temperature depression (CTd), exhibiting usefulness of the infra-red thermometer machine for measuring CTd. While significant negative correlations were found between grain yield and plant leaf senescence (PLS), indicating effectiveness of using PLS as a selection criterion under late seeding condition. Grain yield of solid-stand and space-plant experiments showed significant positive correlation coefficients, thereby demonstrating similar yield performance ofthe two methods ofsowing.