Abstract
This study was undertaken to "Impact of co-operative and non co-operative management system on dairy cattle production in North West districts of Bangladesh". For achieving these objectives, samples of 340 dairy farm owners were selected randomly. Which of them 170 dairy farm owners were selected from co-operative zone at Pabna and Sirajgonj district and 170 selected from non co- operative zone at Bogra district. The study conducted into four experiments. The purpose of this study was to shown that i) the average distribution pattern of milking cow, dry cow, heifers, male and female calves under co-operative and non co-operative management system, ii) Shown to socio economic condition of dairy farm owners under co-operative and non co-operative management system, iii) to estimate of genetic parameters for productive and reproductive performances and iv) finally to find out the contribution of livestock on income generation and poverty reduce/ alleviation under co-operative and non co-operative management system. It was observed that the average numbers of different crossbred milking cows, dry cows, male & female calves, heifer and bullock 1.57, 1.81, 2.01, 1.51 and 0.54 per family under co-operative and 2.17, 0.69, 0.88, 1.54, 0.53 and 0.13 under non co-operative management system. The 100 per cent of dairy farm owners were followed stall feeding and 40 per cent followed combination of stall feeding and grazing under co-operative and 76 per cent farm owners followed stall feeding and 25 per cent dairy farm owners followed combination of stall feeding and grazing practices under non co-operative management system. The small, medium and large size farm were 26, 74 and 70 under co-operative and 82, 80 and 8 under non co-operative management system. The average birth weight of G1, G2, G3, G4, Gs and G6 calves were 24.89, 23.23, 27.25, 28.60, 30.20 and 30.04 Kg under co-operative and 20.65, 19.96, 20.20, 25.53, 27.44 and 25.69.Kg under non co-operative management system. The average age at puberty, No. of service per conception, age at first calving, gestation period, Post Partum heat period and days of calving interval of G1, G2, G3, G4, Gs and G6 crossbred dairy cows were 29.33, 35.04, 25.93, 31.29, 29.47, 33.48 month, 1.38, 1.26, 1.41, 1.44, 1.48, 1.45 and 38.33, 44.05, 35.20, 40.52, 38.61, 42.73 month, 281.21, 278.69, 278.94, 277.30, 276.15, 273.81 days, 134.96, 131.32, 133.60, 148.80, 153.25, 158.03 days and 427.96, 417.06, 424.73, 438.85, 442.37, 445.53 days under co-operative and 37.38, 37.81, 35.83, 34.66, 31.84, 36.35 month, 1.27, 1.29, 1.41, 1.45, 1.27,1.41 and 46.10, 47.05, 45.06, 43.91, 40.89, 45.67 month and 276.71, 272.85, 280.28, 276.83, 273.36, 272.35 days and 139.47, 167.01, 158.56, 164.06, 181.80, 181.46 days and 427.00, 445.15, 452.18, 447.95, 460.07, 461.60 days under non co-operative management system. The average milk yield, lactation length, per day milk production and dry period of G1, G2, G3, G4, Gs and G6 cows were 1584.38, 1375.28, 1967.47, 1996.56, 2130.81 and 2278.79 liters/ lactation and 275.43, 249.94, 290.61, 303.75, 297.32, 293.32 days and 5.46, 4.94, 6.63, 6.61, 7.10, 7.63 liters per day and 152.53, 167.13, 134.02, 135.11, 145.15, 152.01 days respectively under co-operative management system and 923.23, 89300, 1059.76, 1349.67, 1408.66, 1610.51 liters/ lactation and 258, 243.48, 257.58, 270.66, 286.82, 280.41 days and 3.25, 3.29, 3.7 4.67, 4.77, 5.50 liters per day and 169, 202.67, 193.51, 177.54, 174.21, 180.79 days respectively under non co-operative management system. The total average annual management cost were Tk. 2,04,665 per dairy farm/ year respectively under co-operative and Tk 80,900 per dairy farm/ year under non co-operative management system. The average annual feed cost, housing cost, Labour cost, treatment cost, artificial insemination cost and cow purchase cost per year of small, medium and large size of dairy farms were Tk 99546.00, 118279.00, 254239.00 per dairy farm, Tk 895.00, 912.00, 1682.00 per dairy farm, Tk 12600.00, 16026.00, 25537.00 per dairy farm, Tk 2479.00, 2579.00, 5877.00 per dairy farm, but there is no cost for artificial insemination under co-operative management system Tk 5038.00, 8760.00, 14113.00 per dairy farm under co-operative and Tk 43647.00, 75441.00 and 167157.00 per dairy farm, Tk 481.00 579.00, and 922.00 per dairy farm, Tk 8440.00, 9933.00 and 16500.00 per dairy farm 968.00, 1437.00 and 4038.00 per dairy farm Tk 214.00, 309.00 and 625.00 per dairy farm, Tk 939.00, 8760.00 and 4780.00 per dairy farm for the same categories of farms under non co- operative management system. The total yearly incomes from dairy farms were Tk 337475.8 per year under co-operative and Tk 126304.5 per year respectively under non co-operative management system. The yearly average income from livestock sources, crop sources, business and from other sources were Tk 248289.35, 74983.29 and 3135.29 and Tk 10982.35 per year under co-operative and Tk 75522.64, 47372.82 and 1235.29 and 2088.23 per year per dairy farm respectively under non co-operative management system. The average total income from dairy farm for small, medium and large dairy farm owners were Tk 153817.00, 194112.00 and 330631.00 respectively under co-operative and Tk 58335.00, 84066.00 and 196378.00 for the same categories of dairy farms under non co-operative management system. The average annual income from livestock sources, crop farming, business and services of small, medium and large dairy farms owners were Tk 213117.00, 272430.00 and 451826.00 per farm under co-operative and Tk 104254.00, 133846.00 and 276889.00 per farm under non co-operative management system. The annual profits of small, medium and large dairy farms were Tk 33228.00, 48132.00 and 31160.00 per farm under co-operative and Tk 3648.00, -12391.00 and 2388.00 for the same categories of dairy farms under non co-operative management system in the study area. It was found that the highest annual profit for medium size dairy farm (Tk 48132.00 per farm) and lowest annual profit for large dairy farm (Tk 31160.00 per farm) under co-operative management system and under non co-operative management system the highest annual profit for small size dairy farm (Tk 3648.00 per farm) and lowest annual profit for large dairy farm (Tk 2388.00 per farm). Judging from the results of the study, it mentions the concentration of livestock was high in co-operative zone in comparison with non co-operative zone. Similarly milk production, income generation and other facilities were higher in co-operative zone. Farmers were more benefited in co-operative management system. In this connection it mentions here that in Bangladesh, BMPCUL is the largest milk producing and marketing organization. This organization is running every thing through co-operative management system and getting more benefit than other milk producing organization. Considering everything, I concluded that co-operative dairy management system has tremendous positive effect on dairy development. In Bangladesh, we should have given more emphasis on co-operative dairy management system in order to ensure sustainable dairy production and income generation of poor farmers.