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Thesis Issued 2026-09-09 EN

The economic contribution of schooling and extension to rice production in the province of Laguna, Republic of the Philippines

Author: Abudl Halim

Abstract

HALIM. ABDUL, University of the Philippines at Los Baños, January, 1973 The Bconomic Contribution of Schooling and Extension to Rice Production in the Province of Laguna, Republic of the Philippines. Major Professors: Dr. Obdulia F. Sison and Dr. Robert E. Evenson This study estimated the marginal contribution of schooling and extension participation of farm family members in increasing rice production and net farm earnings. Longitudinal data from the University Extension Center, University of the Philippines at Los Baños, for three different years 1963, 1968 and 1973 were analyzed. Both schooling and extension contributed significantly to increased rice production and net farm earnings. The intensive extension program was effective in terms of the "worker effect, " while formal schooling developed the "allocative effect" of the client system. In increasing the "worker effect, "extension substituted for schooling in less developed barrios, while in developed barrios extension and schooling were found to complement. In the case of the "allocative effect" schooling and extension were found to complement each other both in developed and less developed barrios. The marginal contribution of schooling in increasing net farma earnings was higher (111.78) than that of increasing the value of rice production (. 37.56). But the marginal contribution of extension was higher in increasing the value of rice production (28. 12) than that of increasing the net farm earnings (4.12). Furthermore, the marginal return to extension in a 'general approach" system was higher (7.65) than that of a ''team approach" (2.96). The estimated marginal value product of a group extension contact was higher (F 13.46) than that of an individual extension contact (F6.07). The effects of an extension contact depreciated at a rate of 50 percent during the period 1963 to 1968. Age of the farm operator was found significant in increasing the farm income up to age 49, after which the contribution of age declined. The income peak of the elementary school graduates farm operators came at later age (49-53) than that of the unschooled farm operators (42-48). The internal rate of return to investment in elementary schooling was found to be 8.58 percent, while that in extension was 97 percent.