Abstract
Five experiments were conducted at village conditions of Baghabarighat under Bangladesh Milk Producers' Co-operative Union Limited. The genetic groups were 1⁄2 Sahiwal - 1⁄2 Pabna Milking = G1, Sahiwal - Pabna Milking G2, 1⁄2 Friesian - 1⁄2 Pabna Milking G3, 4 Friesian - 4 Pabna Milking G4, 1⁄2 Sahiwal - 4 Friesian - Pabna Milking = G5, 1⁄2 Jersey - 4 Sahiwal - Pabna Milking = G1 and 4 Pabna Milk Cow (100%) = G7. The purpose of this study was to estimate phenotypic and genetic parameters for productive (Lactation period, Dry period, Lactation yield, Milk yield per day, Fat%, SNF%, TS%, Fat in kg, SNF kg, TS kg, Energy in MJ) and reproductive traits (Age at first service, Age at first calving, Gestation period, Postpartum heat period, Calving interval). The average distribution pattern of G1, G2, G3, G4, G5, G6 and G7 milking cows, dry cows, heifers, male & female calves under 0-1 year, male & female calves under 1-2 years were found in the study area in Bera 14.7%, in Sathia 17.2%, in Faridpur 22.2%, in Ullapara 20.8% and in Shahjadpur 25.1%. Two types of raising systems were found in the study area namely bathan and non bathan system. The percentage of bathan and non bathan raising systems were 68.3 and 31.7 respectively. The dairy cattle are inseminated either artificial or naturally and its percentage were found 75.3 and 24.7 respectively in the study area. Both tube well and pond water are supplied to the animals as drinking water & its percentage of were 70.1% and 29.9% respectively found in the study area. Building, Tin shed and straw shed are three types of housing used for rearing the dairy animals. The percentage of using these types of houses was 11.1, 69.7, and 19.2 respectively. Types of floor of these houses are made up of mostly brick floor 62.4% and mud floor 37.6%. The supply of concentrated, roughages and straw feed among G1, G2, G3, G4, G5, G6 and G7 genotypes were found in the daily ration. The incidences of mastitis 22.6%, anthrax 4.3%, FMD 13.2% and parasites 59.9% were found in the study area and the percentage of vaccines are given to the dairy animals against anthrax 38.9%, FMD 43.2% and BQ 17.9%. Highest age at first service was of G7 (1006 days) and lowest was of G4 (770 days), highest age at first calving was of G7 (1315 days) and lowest was of (1065 days), highest postpartum heat was of G7 (140 days) and lowest was of G6 (81 days), highest gestation period was of G7 (276 days) and lowest was of Gs (272 days), highest calving interval was of G3 (488 days) and lowest was of G4 (431 days). Statistical analysis of the results showed that the genetic group had a significant effect on age at first service (P<0.01) age at 1st calving (P<0.01) Postpartum heat period, (P<0.01), calving interval (P<0.01). But genetic group had no significant effect on gestation length. Highest milk yield, fat quantity, SNF, TS and energy in MJ production was in 3rd lactation of G4 were 2989.43, 160.95, 230.34, 344.71 kg and 8485 MJ respectively followed by G, and lowest milk, fat, SNF, TS and energy in MJ production was in 3rd lactation of G, were 1344.98, 87.6, 109.12, 171.37 kg and 4336 MJ respectively followed by G1. Highest milk, fat, SNF, TS and energy in MJ production was in bathan (1st six months of different lactation) was of G4 were 2237.12, 103.76, 208.16, 311.9 kg and 7684 MJ respectively followed by G6 and lowest milk, fat, SNF, TS and energy in MJ production was in bathan (1st six months of different lactation) was of G7 were 1047.03, 52.85, 88.67, 137.66 kg and 3462 MJ respectively followed by G1. Highest fat % of G7 was 4.92% and lowest fat % of G4 was 4.21%. Highest SNF % of G, was 8.46% and lowest SNF % of G4 was 8.31%. Highest fat % production in bathan of G, was 4.87 and lowest fat % production in bathan of G4 was 4.19. Highest fat % production in non-bathan of G, was 4.97 and lowest fat % production in non-bathan of G4 was 4.23. Lowest net income/cow/day was of G7 (13.15 Tk.) and followed by G, (30.88 Tk.). Lowest net income/cow/lactation was of G7 (3128.67 Tk.) and followed by (8213.58 Tk.). Highest milk production cost/cow/day was of G7 (109.2 Tk.) and lowest was of G (87.50 Tk.). Highest net income/cow/day was of G4 (63.75 Tk.) and followed by G6 (51.94 Tk.). Highest net income/cow/lactation was of G4 (18042.94 Tk.) and followed by G6 (14779.77 Tk.). Highest profitable farm size was of large farm (cows no. 26 to above) and lowest profitable farm size was of small farm (cows no. 5-10). In statistical analysis of four types of farm size of different genetic groups of dairy cows at Baghabarighat were positive significant effect on milk production and net income. In conclusion, it was found that of G4 (4 Friesian × 4 Pabna milking cows) genetic group were superior to other crossbred dairy cows followed by Go (1⁄2 Jersey x 4 Sahiwal 4 Pabna milking cows). It is recommended that G4 genetic group can be used for profitable dairy production in the study area and also recommendation that to make profitable dairying large farm size (26 to above number of dairy cows) can be used.